When Charles Darwin wrote The Origin Of Species, he was unaware of genetics and the fossil record had only just begun to be uncovered. This explanatory framework has become the central platform of all aspects of modern biology in explaining the diversity of life on this planet. Was Darwin right or did he get it wrong? How does Darwin's theory of natural selection hold up after 150 years of scrutiny under the the rigour of the scientific method? Here we examine the key aspects of Darwin's work, which if falsified, would be the greatest scientific upheval in history.